Opportunity Information: Apply for PAR 22 183
The Behavioral and Integrative Treatment Development Program (R34 Clinical Trial Optional), funding opportunity number PAR 22 183, is a discretionary NIH grant designed to support the early, practical development and testing of behavioral and integrated treatment approaches for drug abuse and related health concerns. It focuses on building and refining interventions that can move toward real-world use, with an emphasis on understanding whether an intervention works, how and why it works, what amount or intensity is needed to produce benefit (dose-response), and how best to combine or sequence behavioral and medication-based strategies. While it is framed as an R34 (a mechanism often used for intervention development and pilot or preparatory clinical work), the FOA is explicitly clinical trial optional, meaning applicants may propose studies that do or do not include a clinical trial component, depending on what best fits the research aims.
At its core, this program is about treatment development research for substance use and drug abuse treatment, including projects that test efficacy and examine mechanisms of behavior change. The FOA encourages work that clarifies the active ingredients of an intervention, identifies the pathways through which behavior change happens, and improves interventions through optimization strategies rather than treating the intervention as a fixed package. It also supports research on the sequencing and integration of approaches, for example whether patients do better when behavioral treatment comes first and medication is added later, or when both are delivered together, or when treatment is adapted over time based on response. The program explicitly includes combined, sequential, or integrated behavioral and pharmacological interventions, reflecting NIH interest in approaches that can be personalized, stepped, or coordinated across modalities.
The announcement lays out several priority areas. One major area is drug abuse treatment interventions, including those designed for patients who have comorbidities, which can include co-occurring mental health conditions, medical conditions, or other complicating factors that often interfere with standard treatment response. Another priority is drug abuse treatment and adherence interventions, recognizing that even effective treatments do not help if people cannot or do not stay engaged. The FOA also highlights adherence interventions that use technology to strengthen outcomes and improve implementability and sustainability, pointing to tools like mobile health supports, digital monitoring, telehealth-delivered components, automated reminders, or other technology-enabled strategies intended to make interventions easier to deliver consistently and maintain over time in routine care settings.
A particularly important focus area is HIV prevention and care within the context of drug abuse treatment. The FOA encourages interventions aimed at preventing the acquisition or transmission of HIV among individuals in drug abuse treatment, as well as interventions that promote adherence to drug abuse treatment and to HIV and addiction medications. This is meant to support integrated solutions where substance use treatment, HIV prevention strategies, and medication adherence supports can work together rather than being delivered in disconnected systems. The opportunity also includes interventions to treat substance misuse and chronic pain, reflecting the real overlap between pain management challenges, opioid and other substance misuse risks, and the need for behavioral strategies that can reduce harm while improving functioning and quality of life.
In terms of the stage of research, the FOA notes that research of interest includes but is not limited to Stage I research, which commonly refers to early-stage behavioral intervention development, refinement, feasibility testing, and early efficacy work. In practice, that means the program is well suited for investigators who are still shaping an intervention, determining the best format and components, or testing key hypotheses needed before a larger, definitive trial. The emphasis is on generating strong, decision-quality evidence about what to do next, such as whether the intervention is ready to scale, which components are essential, and what implementation supports may be required.
Eligibility is broad and designed to include a wide mix of organizations capable of conducting behavioral and health research. Eligible applicants include state, county, city or township, and special district governments; independent school districts; public and state-controlled institutions of higher education; private institutions of higher education; federally recognized Native American tribal governments; tribal organizations that are not federally recognized; public housing authorities and Indian housing authorities; nonprofits with or without 501(c)(3) status (other than institutions of higher education); for-profit organizations other than small businesses; small businesses; and other entities. The FOA also explicitly calls out additional eligible applicants such as Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, AANAPISIs, Hispanic-serving Institutions, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities, faith-based or community-based organizations, eligible federal agencies, regional organizations, U.S. territories or possessions, and even non-U.S. (foreign) organizations. This range signals an interest in supporting intervention development across diverse settings and populations, including communities that are often underrepresented in clinical research or disproportionately affected by substance use and HIV outcomes.
The sponsoring agency is the National Institutes of Health, and the program is offered as a grant under funding activity categories in education and health. The CFDA numbers listed are 93.273 and 93.279. The opportunity was created on 2022-05-09, and the original closing date listed is 2025-03-21. The award ceiling and expected number of awards are not specified in the provided source data, so applicants would typically confirm budget limits, project period expectations, and any institute-specific guidance in the full FOA and related NIH notices.
Overall, this FOA is aimed at teams developing and testing behavioral and integrated interventions for substance use, especially where adherence, comorbidity, HIV-related outcomes, technology-supported delivery, and chronic pain intersect. The program is structured to help investigators move from promising ideas and early evidence to well-optimized, mechanism-informed interventions that are ready for broader testing and, ultimately, practical adoption in real treatment environments.Apply for PAR 22 183
- The National Institutes of Health in the education, health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Behavioral and Integrative Treatment Development Program (R34 Clinical Trial Optional)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.273, 93.279.
- This funding opportunity was created on 2022-05-09.
- Applicants must submit their applications by 2025-03-21. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- Eligible applicants include: State governments, County governments, City or township governments, Special district governments, Independent school districts, Public and State controlled institutions of higher education, Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized), Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities, Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments), Nonprofits having a 501 (c) (3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education, Nonprofits that do not have a 501 (c) (3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education, Private institutions of higher education, For-profit organizations other than small businesses, Small businesses, Others.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the Behavioral and Integrative Treatment Development Program (R34 Clinical Trial Optional)?
This opportunity supports early, practical development and testing of behavioral and integrated treatment approaches for drug abuse and related health concerns. It is designed to help research teams build, refine, and optimize interventions so they can move toward real-world use, with attention to whether an intervention works, how and why it works, what intensity or amount is needed to produce benefit (dose-response), and how to combine or sequence behavioral and medication-based strategies.
What is the funding opportunity number for this NIH grant?
The funding opportunity number is PAR 22 183.
Which NIH grant mechanism is used for this program?
The program uses the R34 mechanism, which is commonly used for intervention development and pilot or preparatory clinical work.
Does this FOA require a clinical trial?
No. The FOA is explicitly "clinical trial optional," meaning applicants may propose studies that include a clinical trial component or studies that do not, depending on what best fits the research aims.
What kinds of research questions does the program emphasize?
The program emphasizes questions such as: whether an intervention works, how and why it works (mechanisms of change), what components are the active ingredients, what dose or intensity produces benefit (dose-response), and how to best combine, integrate, or sequence behavioral and pharmacological strategies.
Is the program focused on creating entirely new interventions or improving existing ones?
It supports treatment development research broadly, including building new interventions and improving existing interventions through refinement and optimization rather than treating an intervention as a fixed package.
What does the FOA mean by identifying "active ingredients" and "pathways" of behavior change?
It refers to clarifying which parts of an intervention are responsible for producing benefit (active ingredients) and identifying the mechanisms or pathways through which behavior change occurs (how and why the intervention leads to outcomes).
Does the FOA support optimization strategies rather than evaluating a fixed intervention package?
Yes. A stated emphasis is improving interventions through optimization strategies, including understanding which components matter most and how best to structure or deliver them.
Are integrated behavioral and medication-based approaches within scope?
Yes. The FOA explicitly includes combined, sequential, or integrated behavioral and pharmacological interventions, including research on how to coordinate these modalities.
What does "sequencing" or "stepped" care mean in the context of this FOA?
It includes approaches such as testing whether patients do better when behavioral treatment is delivered first and medication is added later, when both are delivered together, or when treatment is adapted over time based on patient response.
What are the main priority areas described in the opportunity?
Priority areas include: (1) drug abuse treatment interventions, including those for patients with comorbidities; (2) drug abuse treatment and adherence interventions; (3) adherence interventions that use technology to strengthen outcomes and improve implementability and sustainability; (4) HIV prevention and care within the context of drug abuse treatment; and (5) interventions addressing substance misuse and chronic pain.
Does the FOA address treatment needs for people with comorbidities?
Yes. One major focus is drug abuse treatment interventions for patients with comorbidities, including co-occurring mental health conditions, medical conditions, or other complicating factors that can interfere with standard treatment response.
Are adherence and engagement issues a focus of this program?
Yes. The FOA specifically prioritizes drug abuse treatment and adherence interventions, recognizing that treatment effectiveness depends in part on whether people can stay engaged and follow through with care.
Does the FOA encourage technology-supported adherence interventions?
Yes. It highlights adherence interventions that use technology to strengthen outcomes and improve implementability and sustainability, including tools such as mobile health supports, digital monitoring, telehealth-delivered components, and automated reminders.
How does the FOA connect substance use treatment with HIV prevention and care?
A key focus area is HIV prevention and care in the context of drug abuse treatment. The FOA encourages interventions aimed at preventing HIV acquisition or transmission among individuals in drug abuse treatment and interventions that promote adherence to both drug abuse treatment and HIV/addiction medications, supporting integrated solutions rather than disconnected systems of care.
Are interventions related to chronic pain included?
Yes. The opportunity includes interventions to treat substance misuse and chronic pain, reflecting overlap between pain management challenges and risks for opioid and other substance misuse, and the need for behavioral strategies that reduce harm while improving functioning and quality of life.
What stage of research is this program intended to support?
The FOA notes that research of interest includes, but is not limited to, Stage I research. This commonly refers to early-stage behavioral intervention development, refinement, feasibility testing, and early efficacy work.
What does "Stage I" research look like in practice for this FOA?
In practice, it may include shaping an intervention, determining the best format and components, testing feasibility, and generating early evidence needed before a larger, more definitive study. The emphasis is on producing decision-quality evidence about next steps (for example, whether the intervention is ready to scale and which components are essential).
What types of organizations are eligible to apply?
Eligibility is broad. Eligible applicants include various levels of government (state, county, city or township, special district), independent school districts, public and state-controlled institutions of higher education, private institutions of higher education, federally recognized Native American tribal governments, non-federally recognized tribal organizations, public housing authorities and Indian housing authorities, nonprofits with or without 501(c)(3) status (other than institutions of higher education), for-profit organizations other than small businesses, small businesses, and other entities.
Are organizations serving specific communities explicitly included as eligible applicants?
Yes. The FOA explicitly calls out eligible applicants such as Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, AANAPISIs, Hispanic-serving Institutions, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities, and faith-based or community-based organizations.
Can federal agencies apply?
Yes. Eligible applicants include eligible federal agencies.
Are U.S. territories or possessions eligible?
Yes. Regional organizations and U.S. territories or possessions are listed among eligible applicants.
Are non-U.S. (foreign) organizations eligible to apply?
Yes. The eligibility list includes non-U.S. (foreign) organizations.
Which agency sponsors this funding opportunity?
The sponsoring agency is the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
What funding activity categories are associated with this program?
The program is offered as a grant under funding activity categories in education and health.
What CFDA numbers are associated with this opportunity?
The CFDA numbers listed are 93.273 and 93.279.
When was this opportunity created?
The opportunity was created on 2022-05-09.
What is the closing date listed in the provided information?
The original closing date listed is 2025-03-21.
Is the award ceiling provided?
No. The award ceiling is not specified in the provided information.
Is the expected number of awards provided?
No. The expected number of awards is not specified in the provided information.
Where should applicants look for budget limits, project period expectations, or institute-specific guidance?
Because the award ceiling and expected number of awards are not specified in the provided source data, applicants would typically confirm budget limits, project period expectations, and any institute-specific guidance in the full FOA and related NIH notices.
What is the overall goal of the FOA?
The FOA aims to help investigators move from promising ideas and early evidence to well-optimized, mechanism-informed interventions that are ready for broader testing and, ultimately, practical adoption in real treatment environments, especially where adherence, comorbidity, HIV-related outcomes, technology-supported delivery, and chronic pain intersect.
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